Methodology for enabled emissions reductions
To estimate aggregate enabled emissions reductions, we first estimated reductions for five products individually (Google Earth Pro, Solar API, Nest thermostats, fuel-efficient routing, and Green Light) and then combined the totals. For Solar API, we used the enabled emissions reductions following the annual (rather than lifetime) accounting basis. For details about the individual calculation methodologies, refer to our 2025 Environmental Report.
"Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, November 2024, accessed June 2025.
We use the term "ambition-based" to describe the subset of emissions from our total carbon footprint that are within the boundaries we’ve set for our climate ambitions. For more details, refer to our 2025 Environmental Report.
Google uses an AI prediction model to estimate the expected fuel or energy consumption for each route option when users request driving directions. We identify the route that we predict will consume the least amount of fuel or energy. If this route is not already the fastest one and it offers meaningful energy and fuel savings with only a small increase in driving time, we recommend it to the user. To calculate enabled emissions reductions, we tally the fuel usage from the chosen fuel-efficient routes and subtract it from the predicted fuel consumption that would have occurred on the fastest route without fuel-efficient routing and apply adjustments for factors such as: CO₂e factors, fleet mix factors, well-to-wheels factors, and powertrain mismatch factors. This figure covers estimated enabled emissions reductions for the calendar year, from January through December. Enabled emissions reductions estimates include inherent uncertainty due to factors that include the lack of primary data and precise information about real-world actions and their effects. These factors contribute to a range of possible outcomes, within which we report a central value. We then input the estimated prevented emissions into the EPA’s Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator to calculate equivalent cars off the road for a year.
According to the UN Economic Commission for Europe.
For details about this calculation, refer to the Methodology section in the Appendix of the 2025 Environmental Report.
From "How We Use Water," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
The total GW figure represents primarily PPAs, and includes some generation from targeted renewable energy investments where we also receive EACs. Actual generation may vary from the signed amounts based on changes during construction or project terminations.
These calculations are based on internal data, as of March 2025. Google’s TPU power efficiency relative to the earliest generation Cloud TPU v2 is measured by peak FP8 flops delivered per watt of thermal design power per chip package.
