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NewsSunday, September 23, 2007 10:53 PM CDT
Different wars give similiar views on returning home
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PONTIAC — At the Livingston County War Museum, the pleated fatigues of Iraq war veterans hang from mannequins just like dozens of other uniforms from the last 100 years of American conflict: perfectly still, with a small placard describing who wore them.

In an age of improvised explosive devices and enemies in street clothes, museum president Jack Murphy, 75, knows how the experiences of Iraq war vets who donated those uniforms differ from when he fought during the Korean War.

But in the end, it’s the common sacrifice of service that makes veterans like Murphy proud of today’s troops.

“There’s a tie that runs through World War II, Korea, Vietnam veterans, to (today’s vets),” he said. “We don’t think one’s better than the other, or more deserving. We think what they’ve done is just as courageous or important as any veterans.”

The 170 members of the Streator-based 1744th Transportation Company of the Illinois National Guard returned from Iraq about a week ago, and 75 members of Bloomington’s 33rd Military Police Battalion are due home in the next week. For some Guard members restarting civilian lives, the yearlong tour was their first in a combat zone.

That reintegration process has dramatically changed over time, with the government now taking a more active role in targeting obstacles that have echoed across generations of veterans.

Guard members face unique challenges because they return directly to civilian life, not back to a military base. A new wave of benefits may make that easier, but wading through them can be daunting, especially as the possibility of returning to war leaves some military families’ futures in limbo.

But, through interviews with more than a dozen Central Illinois veterans who served in earlier wars and families of active-duty troops, it’s clear that war’s impact is universal, though selective in its intensity.

“War either flows around people, or it engulfs people,” said Twin City native Brian Hempstead, 27, who served in Iraq and is now in an Urbana-based Guard unit that might send him back. “It’s all about being in the right or wrong spot at the right or wrong time.”

A jittery readjustment

Veterans say the first few jittery weeks home may be the earliest signs of a changed person — the inevitable effect of being close to war. When Hempstead was home on leave, it was the fireworks and crowds that kept him edgy.

Some come back unusually aggressive; others will lack patience. All of the attention at homecoming celebrations — a community’s thanks that most Vietnam vets didn’t get — may even be awkward for some.

“I can remember I’d scream some nights,” Willis Harms, 84, of Pontiac said of his return to his own bed after World War II. “I’d just yell and scream, and my wife would give me a chagrined look.”

Others will return largely unaffected, and many early jitters fade with time, Murphy said.

“They expect you to come back and be the same person you were, but you’re not,” he said. “It will take some patience on the part of families and friends to give them time to readjust. That’s not an easy thing.”

E-mail and video chats have changed how military families stay connected, but even daily contact can create challenges without a conscious balance of good and bad news from home.

“So what the veteran comes back to probably is the family saying, ‘Oh, by the way, now that you’re back home and you’re safe, there’s all this other (bad stuff),’” said Jerry Vogler, 60, superintendent of the McLean County Veterans Assistance Commission and a Vietnam-era vet.

Mike and Melanie Alwes of Normal, who have three active-duty military sons, know not to ask their boys too many specific questions about what they saw: They’ll talk when they’re ready. For their 21-year-old Marine, Jim, that happened when he was home on leave, driving back from a family party.

“I said, ‘How was Iraq?’ and he talked for 45 minutes straight,” said Mike Alwes, a Vietnam vet.

Reintegration: Then and now

The Streator unit, and then the Bloomington unit, are the first large groups to go through a new Illinois Guard reintegration program for soldiers, their families and communities. Through this and other programs, troops have more time to discuss the delicate return to family life and how to wade through an extensive but complicated benefits system.

These reintegration efforts are a stark departure from what many older veterans had when they came home: “Nothing,” as most described it.

“The Vietnam guys, one day you’re in battle, two days later you’re home. You’re supposed to act like normal, but you’re not,” Murphy said, adding it was easier on him because he took a ship home, not a fast plane like many in Vietnam.

But like soldiers today, Vogler said those who served in previous wars were focused on home, not sitting through some seminar.

“We didn’t really care. We just wanted to get back,” agreed Earl Oak, 77, who served with a Streator Guard unit in the Korean War.

Even with these programs, some younger vets find it challenging to wade through the web of assistance and benefits, though the Internet and service organizations do help. The timeless tendency among vets to be independent and rarely ask for help adds to that difficulty, Vogler said.

Clayton James, 62, of Bloomington waited until just a few months ago to get screened for exposure to Agent Orange, a chemical used in Vietnam that is associated with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and other cancers among veterans.

If unaddressed health issues are among the tragic lessons learned in Vietnam, then the growing awareness of post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury are signs of progress. For example, mandatory screenings for TBI — a hallmark of the Iraq war — begin this month for Illinois Guard members.

Oak is sure his “excited, nervous, jumpy” brother would have been diagnosed with some form of combat stress after his return from WWII in today’s system. The PTSD label wasn’t used until post-Vietnam studies in 1980.

“Most guys had a terrible time,” said Mike Kerber, 62, of Bloomington, of soldiers he served with in Vietnam. “And they really needed help but didn’t get it.”

With recent reports of excessive waiting times for medical care through the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and deplorable conditions at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Kerber’s view is common among vets.

“We don’t want (today’s veterans) to have to go fighting through to get VA benefits like we had to,” said James, who started advocating for fellow veterans after seeing one of the first large welcome-home parades after Vietnam — in 1986.

Many older veterans say they don’t see the next generation picking up the advocacy torch until later in their lives, like they did, after the hustle of family and careers slows down.

The possibility of being sent back to war, however, may make planning for that future hard for Guard families. Illinois Guard officials say the current goal is four years of downtime between deployments, but that can — and has — changed.

Worries about being sent back to war after completing a tour were something many older veterans said they fortunately never had to deal with. For Vietnam draftees like Kerber, rotation policies meant that after his 10-month tour, “When we got out, we were done.”

“To me, that’s the equivalent of picking somebody up by the shoulders and just shaking the (heck) out of them,” Vogler said of troops going back and forth between the front line and home.

For James, the unknowns add to the difficulty of reintegration and deciding when and how to share with their families what they experienced.

“Hopefully, this thing will end soon, but we just don’t know,” he said.




By the numbers

-- 15 Deployed Illinois National Guard members killed since Sept. 11, 2001

-- 38 Percentage of U.S. soldiers who report early psychological symptoms of post-traumatic stress (2007)

-- 49 Percentage of National Guard members who report same symptoms

-- 75 Members of the returning Bloomington-based Illinois National Guard unit

-- 170 Members of the Streator unit who returned home Sept. 15

-- 3,791 U.S. military members killed in Iraq since March 2003

-- 8,600 Illinois Guard members on active-duty deployment as of August

-- 12,500 Enlisted members of the Illinois Army and Air National Guard

-- 162,000 American forces in Iraq as of June

SOURCES: Illinois National Guard; Department of Defense Task Force on Mental Health report; Associated Press




Changing needs

Highlights from “Voices for Action: A Focus on the Changing Needs of America’s Veterans,” a 71-page report of inadequacies in veterans’ care and policy recommendations prepared after last year’s AMVETS-hosted symposium:

-- Upon separation from service, service members and families are not getting adequate or timely information about federal, state and local benefits.

-- There’s no measure of the effectiveness of the military’s Transition Assistance Program (TAP), which consists of comprehensive workshops focused on job search help and related services.

-- As part of discharge, enforce mandatory TAP classes focusing on soft skills, such as personal finance and other routine items some soldiers may have no real training or experience in.

-- Mandate standard reintegration programs on a state level for Guard units, something Illinois has done.

-- Provide more resources to help self-employed veterans find business capital, corporate sponsorship and job protection.

-- Female veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder are underserved, and there should be gender-specific treatment programs available.

Take a look
Korean and WW II veterans Jack Murphy, left, and Willis Harms, both of Pontiac, posed in front of a flag at the Livingston County War Museum and Dal Estes Education Center. Both Murphy and Harms are Army veterans. Harms was injured as a medic on Dec. 7, 1943. Monday night, Sept. 10, 2007. The mural shows many of the historic buildings that remain in the town. Pantagraph/STEVE SMEDLEY
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Reader comments on this story - 6 total

Note: All views and opinions expressed in reader comments are solely those of the individual submitting the comment, and not those of the Pantagraph or its staff.

WIDOW wrote on Sep 23, 2007 3:56 PM:

" MY LATE HUSBAND SERVED DURING WW2 IN THE ETO. HE WAS IN THE 5TH ARMORED DIVISION AND AT ONE TIME THEY WERE WITH THE THIRD ARMY UNDER GEN. PATTON. HAD THE UNIQUE EXPERIENCE OF SALUTING HIM FACE TO FACE IN ENGLAND WHEN PATTON WAS THERE BRIEFING THE OFFICERS. MY HUSBAND WAS HEADED FOR THE PX FOR A CANDY BAR AND RAN INTO PATTON COMING THE OTHER WAY. HE ALWAYS SAID BEING IN THE ARMY WAS THE GREATEST EXPERIENCE OF HIS LIVE. WOULDN'T TAKE A MILLION FOR IT BUT WOULDN'T TAKE A MILLION TO DO IT OVER. MUST BE A COMMON EXPRESION FROM OUR VETERANS. "

it really depends on.. wrote on Sep 23, 2007 2:34 PM:

" what type of family support leader or organization you have. They are the ones who should be here to support and provide families with information on their soldier and unit. They also should have monthly or atleast quarterly meetings with the families to let them know what they know and to let the familes express what they are feeling and dealing with. They should also help the families deal with deploying and coming home issue such as what to expect when your soldier deploys/comes home. My husband is in the Ntl Guard and they really are not as lucky as the reg army b/c they do not get the counseling that they need unless it is on their own dime. Which is sad. "

Eric Sweetwood wrote on Sep 23, 2007 8:21 AM:

" I worked with Jack Murphy for fifteen years, as I taught along side of him. It seems Jack never really left education; he is now teaching a new generation of eager learners about his experiences and his wisdom. Congrats, Jack on the continued hard work that you do. It was an honor to have you as a mentor of sorts of mine. I wish you continued success as you honor our Veterans and offer knowledge to future generations. The War Museum in Pontiac houses an incredible collection that equally pays a thoughtful tribute to all veterans and gives those who share the experience a unique view of community pride and local history. "

Marine wife wrote on Sep 23, 2007 8:09 AM:

" I think they are doing a better job of these things...each time before my husband came home there were meetings and briefings of what to expect and who to go to for help. The problem with that is if you Vet actually wants help and will admit it. Also, we were told the benefits available, our struggle since my husband got out of Active Duty has just been getting them- half the battle is getting through all the hoops you have to jump through to recieve your benefits! "

Responding to JD wrote on Sep 23, 2007 7:36 AM:

" I agree with most of your comments, however I strongly disagree with enlistees who were never near combat receiving entitlement into orgs such as the V.F.W. My own Father was a WWII POW; I married a 3 year 82nd airborne enlistee who then served another 17 years in the National Guard.My husband always felt slighted; he actually would've re-upped for our current situation but they wouldn't take him.Part of it is ego; he served with honor but doesn't get to be considered a hero, in his eyes.I think my Dad would've preferred not to have "earned" his membership in the V.F.W. as what he endured cut his life short (when I was 8 years old) and no membership to any hero club was worth the toll it took on his life including his quality of life. So you have two honorable soldiers who had very different experiences and long-term outcomes. My husband has already passed the age my Father was when he died in the VA hospital. The American Legion is pretty much the "catch-all" organization; don't have to have seen combat club and that's how I believe it should stay. "

JD wrote on Sep 22, 2007 11:14 PM:

" I hope that all changes are retroactive, and include all veterans. The military, and certain organizations, often only include those who have been part of declared wars or conflicts. There are many veterans who fall through the cracks having seen combat without any congressional declarations, so they are excluded from claiming certain benefits, and excluded from organizations such as the VFW and American Legions. Even veterans who did not see combat were ready to serve, and just got lucky they were not needed. "

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